第63节

  【】ebattleofhastings,onoctoberthe</p>

  fourteenthofthatyear,hedestroyedtheesofharold</p>

  ofhelastoftheanglosaxonkingsaablished</p>

  hielfaskingofengland.butheorhis</p>

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  partoftheirgreatiaheasortof</p>

  lonyinhabitedbyratherbackthey</p>

  forcedtheiroion.graduallyhowever</p>

  the``lonyofenglandgainedupoher</p>

  untryofnorndy.atthesatithekingsof</p>

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  englishneighboursorethandisobedient</p>

  servantsofthefrenroeraturyofwar</p>

  farethefrenchpeople,uheleadershipofayounggirlby</p>

  thenaofjoanofartheir</p>

  soil.joanherself,takenaprisohebattleofpiegne</p>

  intheyear1430andsoldbyherburgundiancaptorstothe</p>

  englishsoldiers,ch.buttheenglish</p>

  nevergainedfootholdupoiandtheirkingswere</p>

  atlastabletodevotealltheirtitotheirbritishpossessions.</p>

  asthefeudalnobilityoftheislandhadbeenengagedinoneof</p>

  thosestrangefeudsnintheddleages</p>

  asaslesandsllpox,andasthegreaterpartoftheold</p>

  landedproprietorshadbeenkilledduringthesesocalledwars</p>

  oftheroses,iteeasyforthekingstoiheir</p>

  royalpoheendofthefifteeury,england</p>

  ronglytraliseduntry,ruledbyhenryvii</p>

  ofthehouseoftudor,ousurtofjustice,the</p>

  ``starery,suppressedallattets</p>

  oofthesurvivingaintheiroldinfluence</p>

  uponthegoventoftheuntryostseverity.</p>

  intheyear1509henryviiceededbyhisson</p>

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  diaevalislandandbecaadestate.</p>

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  thehofenglandthefirstofthose``nationalistihes</p>

  ihespiritualheadofhis</p>

  subjeationof1034notonlygave</p>

  thehouseoftudorthesupportoftheenglishclergy,who</p>

  foralongtihadbeenexposedtotheviolentattaany</p>

  lutheranpropagandists,butitalsoincreasedtheroyalpower</p>

  throughthenfiserpossessionsofthe</p>

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  rtsandtradespeople,heproudandprosperous</p>

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  everything``fnanddidnotanitalianbishoptorule</p>

  theirhobritishsouls.</p>

  in1517henrydied.heleftthethroohissllson,</p>

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  lutherando.</p>

  buttheboydiedbeforeheeen,andceeded</p>

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  buedthebishopsoftheneionalchurdinother</p>

  pleofherroyalspanishhusband</p>

  fortunatelyshedied,intheyear1558,andceeded</p>

  byelizabeth,thedaughterofhenryviiiandanneboleyn,</p>

  thesendofhissixhehaddecapitatedwhenshe</p>

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  prison,andtherequestofthe</p>

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  catholidspanish.shesharedherfathersindifference</p>

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  veryshreer,ahefortyfiveyears</p>

  niheningthepohedynastyandin</p>

  inerryislands.</p>

  inthissheostablyassistedbyanuerofnwho</p>

  gatheredarouhroneaheelizabethanagea</p>

  periodofsuchiortayououghttostudyitiail</p>

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  bibliographyattheendofthisvolu.</p>

  elizabeth,hofeelentirelysafeuponher</p>

  throne.shehadarivalandaverydangerousone.ry,</p>

  ofthehouseofstuart,daughterofafrenhessanda</p>

  sttishfather,isiioffrand</p>

  daughterinlaediciwhohadanised</p>

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  ofengland.shecatholidawillingfriend</p>

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  ofpolitiethodsployed</p>

  topunishhercalvinistits,causedarevolutioninstland</p>

  andforcedrytotakerefugeonenglishterritory.for</p>

  eighteenyearsshereinedinengland,plottingforeverand</p>

  adayagainsttheanerandwho</p>

  lastobligedtofolloheadviceofhertrusteduncilors</p>

  ``tocutteoffthesttishqueensheade.</p>

  theheadteoffintheyear1587andcaused</p>

  abinednaviesofenglandand</p>

  hollaedphilipsinvinciblearda,aswehavealready</p>

  seen,andthebloeanttodestroythe</p>

  pohetantileadersuedintoa</p>

  profitablebusinessadventure.</p>

  fooanyyearsofhesitation,theenglish</p>

  ashedutchthoughtittheirghttoinvade</p>

  theindiesandaridaveheillsheirprotes</p>

  tehrenhadsufferedatthehandsofthespaniards.the</p>

  englishhadbeenangtheearliestsubus.</p>

  britishships,heveianpilotgiovannicaboto</p>

  orcabot,hadbeenthefirsttodisverandexplorethe</p>

  northearitiin1496.labradorandnewfoundland</p>

  portanceasapossiblelony.but</p>

  thebanksofhe</p>

  englishfishi.ayearlater,in1497,thesacabot</p>

  hadexploredtheastofflorida.</p>

  thehebusyyearsofhenryviiandhenry</p>

  viiioneyfnexplorations.</p>

  butunderelizabeth,ary</p>

  stuartinprison,thesailorsuldleavetheirharbourhout</p>

  fe</p>

  ...</p>