第64节

  arforthefateofthosetheyleftbehind.h</p>

  illachild,uredtosailpastthe</p>

  northcapeandoneofhiscaptains,riellor,pushing</p>

  furthereastofapossibleroadtotheindies,</p>

  hadreachedargel,russia,ablished</p>

  diplotidrcialrelationsysteriousrulers</p>

  ofthisdistantsviteeire.duringthefirstyearsof</p>

  elizabethsrulethisvoyagehadbeenfolloany</p>

  others.rtadventurers,hebeofa</p>

  ``jointstoyhadlaidthefoundationsoftrading</p>

  panieselonies.</p>

  halfpirate,halfdiplot,ostakeeverythingona</p>

  singleluugglersofeverythingthatuldbe</p>

  loadedintotheholdofavessel,dealersinnandrdise</p>

  hequalindiffereoeverythingexcepttheirprofit,the</p>

  sailorsofelizabethhadcarriedtheenglishflagandthefa</p>

  oftheirvirgihefourersofthesevenseas.</p>

  anshakespearekeptherjestyasedat</p>

  ho,abrainsaofenglaed</p>

  pttogethefeudaliance</p>

  ofhenryviiiintoadenationalstate.</p>

  intheyear1603theoldladydiedattheageofseventy.</p>

  herusin,thegreatgrandsonofheroherhenry</p>

  viiandsonofrystuart,herrivalandene,sueeded</p>

  herasjasi.bythegraselfthe</p>

  rulerofauntryhefateofitsal</p>

  rivals.heeuropeanprotestantsandswere</p>

  killiobreakthepowerof</p>

  theiradversariesaablishtheexclusiveruleoftheirown</p>

  partireed,engla</p>

  leisureesofeitherlutheror</p>

  loyola.itgavetheislandkingdonenorusadvantagein</p>

  theingstruggleforlonialpossessions.itassuredengland</p>

  aleadershipiionalaffairshatuntry</p>

  hasintaiilthepresentday.hedisastrous</p>

  adventurealdevelopnt.</p>

  thestuarts,hetudors,were``fners</p>

  inengland.theydonotseeohaveappreciatedoruood</p>

  thisfact.thenativehouseoftudoruldstealahorse,</p>

  butthe``fnstuartsalloolookatthe</p>

  bridlehoutcausipopulardisapproval.oldqueen</p>

  besshadruledherdoinsverychasshepleased.in</p>

  generalhoeant</p>

  hepocketofthehoandotherish</p>

  rts.hehequeenhadbeenalhe</p>

  allliberties</p>

  takeherightsandprerogativesofparliant</p>

  heulteriorbesh</p>

  herjestysstrongandsuessfulfn</p>

  policies.</p>

  outesntihesapolicy.buthe</p>

  laypical</p>

  ofhisgreatpredeertiobe</p>

  enuraged.thesgrantedanyliberties.</p>

  butiledpleasantlyuponenglandinaneffort</p>

  toestablishpeaesileback.</p>

  thejorityoftheenglishpeopledidnotlikethis,but</p>

  jasheirkingandtheykeptquiet.</p>

  soonthereesand</p>

  hisson,charlesi,intheyear1625both</p>

  firybelievedintheprincipleoftheir``divinerightto</p>

  adheirrealstheythoughtfithoutnsultingthe</p>

  heirsubjects.theideanehepopes,</p>

  orethanonehesuessorsofthe</p>

  roneerorsorratheroftheronierialidealof</p>

  asingleandundividedstateveriireknownworld,</p>

  hadalselvesandhadbeenpubliclyregnised</p>

  asthe``viceregentsofchristupoh.noone</p>

  questioherightofgodtorulethe.</p>

  asanaturalresult,feuredtodoubttherightofthe</p>

  divine``viethingandtodendthe</p>

  obedienassesbecausehehedirectrepresentative</p>

  oftheabsoluteruleroftheuniverseandresponsible</p>

  onlytoalghtygod.</p>

  ationprovedsuessful,those</p>

  rightserlyhadbeeedinthepapacywere</p>

  takehenyeuropeansnse</p>

  protestants.asheadoftheiroionalordynastic</p>

  hestheyinsisteduponbeing``eregents</p>

  itoftheiroerritory.thepeopledidnotquestion</p>

  therightoftheirrulerstotakesuchastep.theyaepted</p>

  it,justastheideaofarepresentative</p>

  systetheonlyreasonableandjust</p>

  fovent.itisunfairthereforetostatethateither</p>

  lutheranisrcalvinisausedtheparticularfeelingof</p>

  irritationessoftandloudlyrepeated</p>

  assertionofhis``divineright.theresthavebeenother</p>

  groundsfenuineenglishdisbeliefinthedivineright</p>

  ofkings.</p>

  thefirstpositivedenialofthe``divinerightofsns</p>

  hadbeenheardintheherlaatesgeneral</p>

  abjuredtheirlahe</p>

  year1581.``theking,sotheysaid,``hasbrokenhisntract</p>

  andthekingthereforeisdisssedlikeanyotherunfaithful</p>

  servant.sihen,thisparticularideaofakings</p>

  responsibilitiestoongnyofthe</p>

  natioheshoresofthenorthsea.theywere</p>

  <hepoorpeople</p>

  intheheartofercyoftheir</p>

  rulersbodyguard,uldnotaffordtodis</p>

  inthedeepestdungeonofthe</p>

  castle.butthertsofhollandandengland</p>

  aintenanceof</p>

  greataresandnavies,ighty</p>

  ,hadnosuchfear.theywerewilling</p>

  topitthe``divinerightoftheirooneyagainst</p>

  the``divinerightofanyhabsburgorbourbonorstuart.</p>

  theykheirguildersandshillingsuldbeatthe</p>

  cluyfeudalaresheonlyheking.</p>

  theydaredtoaedtosuffer</p>

  insilenceorruntheriskofthescaffold.</p>

  hestuartsbegantoannoythepeopleofengland</p>

  thattheyhadarighttodotheypleased</p>

  andheresponsibil</p>

  ...</p>