【】goldand</p>
thesilverofcathayandzipanguthedisposaloftheir</p>
stajesties.</p>
alas,luusneverkh.toheend</p>
ofhislife,onhisfourthvoyage,ainland</p>
ofsoutharica,heyhavesuspectedthatallwas</p>
notbelief</p>
thatthereibetweeneuropeandasia</p>
andthathehadfoundthedirectroutetoa.</p>
auguese,stigtotheireasteroute,</p>
hadbeeuheyear1498,vasdaga</p>
hadbeeoreaalabarausafely</p>
tolisbonhacargoofspitheyear1502hehad</p>
repeatedthevisit.butalongtheeroute,theworkof</p>
explorationhadbeenstdisappointing.in1497and1498</p>
johnaiancabothadtriedtofindapassagetojapan</p>
buttheyhadseennothingbutthesnosandthe</p>
rocksofnebeensightedbythe</p>
northn,fiveerigovespui,aflorentine</p>
ethepilotjorofspain,andwhogavehis</p>
natoour,hadexploredtheastofbrazil,but</p>
hadfoundnotatraceoftheindies.</p>
intheyear1513,sevenyearsafterthedeathofluus,</p>
thetruthatlastbegantodahegeographersof</p>
europe.vasnunezdebalboahadusof</p>
pana,hadcliedthefauspeakindarien,andhad</p>
lookeddoedto</p>
suggesttheexistenceofanothero.</p>
finallyintheyear1519afleetoffivesllspanishships</p>
underndofthepuesenavigator,ferdinandde</p>
gellan,sailedeasthatroute,</p>
elyinthehandsofthepuesewhoallowedno</p>
petitioninsearagellancrossed</p>
theatlanticbethward.</p>
hereachedanarroostpoint</p>
ofpatagonia,the``landofthepeoplehthebigfeet,and</p>
thefireislandsonadonatofafire,theonlysignof</p>
theexistenatives,hesailorschedonenight.</p>
foralstfiveercy</p>
oftheterriblestorandblizzardsthroughthe</p>
straits.atinybrokeoutangthesailellan</p>
suppressediten</p>
onshoreheytorepentoftheirsinsatleisure.</p>
atlastthestorquieteddoheelbroadened,and</p>
gellaeredanesand</p>
plaalleditthepeacefulsea,therepacifi.</p>
theinuedinaedire.hesailedfor</p>
daysost</p>
perishedfroungerandthirstaheratsthatied</p>
theships,andheseheycheesof</p>
sailtostilltheirgnawinghunger.</p>
inrchoftheyear1521theysaagellancalled</p>
itthelandoftheladroneseansrobbersbecausethe</p>
<uldlayhandson.thenfurther</p>
othespiceislands</p>
againlandagellan</p>
calledthehephilippines,afterphilip,thesonofhis</p>
sterery.</p>
atfirstgellanwhenheused</p>
thegunsofhisshipstokechristiashewaskilled</p>
bytheabiogetherberofhiscaptainsand</p>
sailors.thesurvivorsbuedohethreereiningships</p>
andntiheirvoyage.theyfoundtheluas,the</p>
fausspiceislands;theysightedboeoandreachedtidor.</p>
there,ohetooleakytobeoffurtheruse,</p>
reinedbehindhhercretoria,undersebastian</p>
delissedseeingthe</p>
northeastofaustraliadisvereduntil</p>
thefirsthalfofthesevehturyhe</p>
dutcheastindiapanyexploredthisflatandinhospitable</p>
land,andaftergreathardshipsreachedspain.</p>
thisostnotableofallvoyages.ithadtaken</p>
threeyears.ithadbeenacplishedatagreatstbothof</p>
nandney.butithadestablishedthefactthattheearth</p>
buswere</p>
notapartoftheiaseparate.frohat</p>
tion,spainandpaldevotedalltheirenergiestothe</p>
developntoftheirindianandaritrade.toprevent</p>
anardnflictbetherivals,popealexahe</p>
onlyavoostholy</p>
officehadobliginglydividedtheots</p>
byalineofdercatiohdegreeof</p>
longitudeofgreenhesocalleddivisionoftordesillas</p>
of1494.thepueseoestablishtheirlonies</p>
totheeastofthislihespaniardsohavetheirs</p>
totheeri</p>
espanishand</p>
thatalloftheindiesandstofafriapuese</p>
untiltheenglishaists</p>
forpapaldecisionstookthesepossessionsaheseveh</p>
aeeuries.</p>
he</p>
rialtoofveheiddleages,there</p>
erriblepanic.stodbondsdown40and50</p>
pert.afterashortbus</p>
hadfailedtofindtheroadtocathay,theveianrts</p>
reveredfrht.butthevoyagesofdagaand</p>
gellanprovedthepraalpossibilitiesofaeer</p>
routetotheihentherulersofgenoaandvenice,</p>
thetriddleagesandthe</p>
renaissance,begantobesorrythattheyhadrefusedtolisten</p>
toluus.butite</p>
aninlaheoverlandtradetotheindiesand</p>
adoinsignifitproportions.theolddays</p>
ofitaliangloryethenew</p>
erdthereforethetreofcivilisation.</p>
ithasreinedsoeversince.</p>
seehelycivilisationhasprogressedsihose</p>
earlydays,fiftyturiesbefore,heinhabitantsofthe</p>
valleyofthenilebegaenrerdofhistory,</p>
froheriveile,itia,thelaween</p>
therivers.thenreteandgreed</p>
ro.aninlandseabecathetreoftradeaies</p>
aloerraneaneofartandsd</p>
philosophyandleaing.ieeur</p>
...</p>