第70节

  【】oaeuropeaneirewasno</p>

  slluaking.itronghandsandacapable</p>

  head.peterpossessedboth.intheyear1698,thegreat</p>

  operationofgraftingdeeuropeuponarussiawas</p>

  perford.thepatientdidnotdie.butheover</p>

  theshock,astheeventsofthelastfiveyearshaveshownvery</p>

  plainly.</p>

  russiavs.sweden</p>

  russiaandsanyo</p>

  decideheleading</p>

  poheasteeurope</p>

  intheyear1698,tsarpetersetforthuponhisfirst</p>

  voyagetoeeurope.hetravelledbywayofberlinand</p>

  ost</p>

  beendroedeboatinthedudof</p>

  hisfathersuntryho.thispassionforained</p>

  totheendofhislife.inapraalshowed</p>

  itselfinhisainsaessto</p>

  theopensea.</p>

  heunpopularandharshyoungrulerwasaway</p>

  froo,thefriendsoftheoldrussianos</p>

  tos.asuddenrebellionang</p>

  hislifeguards,thestreltsiregint,forcedpetertohasten</p>

  hobythefastil.heappointedhielfexecutionerin</p>

  chiefareltsieredandkilledto</p>

  thelastn.sistersophia,heheadofthe</p>

  rebellion,erandtheruleofpeterbe</p>

  ga.thisseedintheyear1716when</p>

  peterhadgoneonhissehe</p>

  reaariesfolloheleadershipofpetershalfted</p>

  son,alexis.agaisarretuedihaste.alexis</p>

  ehinhisprisoncellandthefriendsofthe</p>

  oldfashionedbyzantinearchedthousandsofdreary</p>

  lestotheirfiinationinthesiberianleadnes.</p>

  afterthat,nofurtheroutbreaksofpopulardisook</p>

  plainpeace.</p>

  itisogiveyoualistofhisreforinological</p>

  order.thetsarhfurioushaste.hefollowed</p>

  nosysteheissuedhisdehrapiditythatitis</p>

  diffiedtofeelthateverything</p>

  thathadeverhappenedbeforeirelyhewhole</p>

  ofrussiathereforestbegedhintheshortestpossible</p>

  ti.behindayof</p>

  200,000nandanavyoffiftyships.theoldsystefgovent</p>

  hadbeenabolishedoveight.thedu,orion</p>

  ofnobles,hadbeendisssedandinitsstead,thetsar</p>

  hadsurroundedhielfhanadvisoryboardofstateofficials,</p>

  calledthesenate.</p>

  russiaentsorprovinces.</p>

  roadsructed.to.industries</p>

  edpleasedthetsar,houtanyregard</p>

  forthepresenceofraaterial.alsines</p>

  ountainsoftheeast.inthislandofilliterates,</p>

  schoolsentsofhigherleaing,</p>

  togetherhuiesandhospitalsandprofessional</p>

  senandartisans</p>

  frollovertheovetorussia.</p>

  printingshopsustbefirstread</p>

  bytheierialsors.thedutiesofealassofsociety</p>

  ofcivilandallaheredintoaseriesofprinted</p>

  volus.theoldrussianstusperial</p>

  deen,ardhscissors,g</p>

  alltheuntryroads,ou</p>

  jikssuddenlyintoapleasingitationofsothshaven.</p>

  europeans.</p>

  inreligioustters,thetsartoleratednodivisionof</p>

  poustbenoceofarivalrybetweenan</p>

  eerorandapopeashadhappenedineurope.intheyear</p>

  1721,peterdehielfheadoftherussianh.the</p>

  patriarosheholysynod</p>

  deitsappearahehighestsourceofauthorityinall</p>

  ttersoftheestablishedh.</p>

  sinsuldnotbesuess</p>

  fulentshadarallyingpointinthe</p>

  toovehisgoventtoa</p>

  theuhyrshesofthebalticsea</p>

  thetsarbuiltthishelandin</p>

  theyear1703.fortythousandpeasantsworkedforyears</p>

  tolaythefoundationsforthisierialcity.theswedes</p>

  attackedpeterandtriedtodestroyhistownandillnessand</p>

  serykilledtensofthousandsofthepeasants.butthework</p>

  r,andthereadydetown</p>

  sooogroheyear1712,itiallyde</p>

  perialresidence.adozenyearslater</p>

  ithad75,000inhabitants.theywas</p>

  floodedbytheneva.buttheterrifichetsar</p>

  .</p>

  erdiedin1725heheohelargestcity</p>

  innortheeurope.</p>

  ofurse,thissuddengrowthofsodangerousarivalhad</p>

  beenasourceofgreathis</p>

  side,peterhadanyadventuresof</p>

  hisbalticrival,thekingdofsheyear1654,</p>

  christina,theonlydaughterofgustavusadolphus,thehero</p>

  ofthethirtyyearshethroneandhad</p>

  goorotoendherdaysasadevout.aprotestant</p>

  nepheavusadolphushadsueededthelast</p>

  queenofthehouseofvasa.undercharlesxandcharles</p>

  xi,theneyhadbroughtsoitshighestpoint</p>

  ofdevelopnt.butin1697,charlesxidiedsuddenlyand</p>

  een,charlesxii.</p>

  thisontforanyofthenorthestates</p>

  haded.duringthegreatreligiousheseveh</p>

  tury,stheexpenseofheeighbours.</p>

  thetihade,sotheohought,tobalaheat.</p>

  atonceark</p>

  andsaxonyontheoneside,aher.</p>

  theraiesofpeterrouslybeaten</p>

  byberof</p>

  theyear1700.thenostiinglitary</p>

  gehaties</p>

  andfoineyearshehackedandbuedhishroughthe</p>

  villagesandarkaic</p>

  provinces,erdrilledandtrainedhissoldiersindistant</p>

  russia.</p>

  asaresult,intheyear1709,ileofpoltahe</p>

  svitesdestroyedtheexhaustedaresofswede</p>

  ...</p>