第36节

  【】fortheholylandbegan,theyoharansportation</p>

  problefthethousandsofeagerpilgriwhowere</p>

  claringforpassage,andattheendofthecrusadesthey</p>

  hadbuilttheelvessuchstrongdefencesofbridofgold</p>

  thattheyulddefypopeandeerorhequalindifference.</p>

  churdstatefoughteachotherandathirdpartythe</p>

  diaevalcityranahthespoils.</p>

  thecrusades</p>

  butallthesedifferentquarrels</p>

  teurks</p>

  tooktheholyland,desecratedthe</p>

  holypladinterferedseriously</p>

  eastto</p>

  .europecrusading</p>

  duringthreeturiestherehadbeenpeacebetians</p>

  andsleexceptinspainandieron</p>

  eire,thetatesdefendiewaysofeurope.</p>

  thehaedanshavingnqueredsyriaintheseventh</p>

  turyheholyland.buttheyregarded</p>

  jesusasagreatprophetthoughnotquiteasgreat</p>

  ashaed,andtheydidnotinterferes</p>

  oprayinthehhelena,the</p>

  theroftheeerornstantine,hadbuiltoof</p>

  theholygrave.butearlyintheeleveury,atartar</p>

  tribefroheheseljuksorturks,</p>

  beohaedanstateineasiaand</p>

  thentheperiodoftoleraoaheturkstook</p>

  allofasianoratheeasteroneerors</p>

  andtheydeaothetradebetand.</p>

  alexis,theeeror,hingofhischristian</p>

  neighboursofthe,appealedforhelpandpoio</p>

  thedangerhreatenedeuropeshouldtheturkstake</p>

  nstantinople.</p>

  theitaliancitiesablishedloniesalongthe</p>

  astofasianorandpalestine,infearfortheirpossessions,</p>

  reportedterriblestoriesofturkishatrohristian</p>

  suffering.alleuropegotexcited.</p>

  popeurbanii,afrens,whohadbeen</p>

  educatedatthesafauscloisterofyhhad</p>

  trainedgregoryvii,thoughtthatthetihadefor</p>

  a.thegeneralstateofeuropesatisfactory.</p>

  thepritiveagriculturalthodsofthatdayunged</p>

  sinescausedanstantsityoffood.there</p>

  ployntandhungerandtheseareapttoleadto</p>

  disandriots.illions.</p>

  itgration.</p>

  thereforeattheunontinfraheyear</p>

  1095thepopearose,describedtheterriblehorrorshe</p>

  infidelshadinflictedupontheholyland,gaveaglowing</p>

  descriptionofthisuntryoses</p>

  <,andexhortedthe</p>

  knightsoffrahepeopleofeuropeio</p>

  leavetheturks.</p>

  aeriasacrossthe.</p>

  allreasonstopped.nrandsaw,</p>

  oftheirshopandtaketheroadtotheeast</p>

  togoandkillturks.childreo``go</p>

  topalestineandbrierribleturkstotheirkneesby</p>

  thereappealoftheiryouthfulzealandchristiay.</p>

  fullyniypertofthoseenthusiastshin</p>

  sightoftheholyland.theyhadheywere</p>

  foreadanger</p>

  tothesafetyofthehighroadsandtheyhe</p>

  angryuntrypeople.</p>

  thefirstcrusade,aobofhochristians,defaulting</p>

  bankrupts,pennilessnoblenandfugitivesfroustice,</p>

  folloitander</p>

  paignagainsttheinfidelsby</p>

  rderingallthejetheytbythehey</p>

  gotasfarashungaryaheywereallkilled.</p>

  thisexperien</p>

  aloheholylandfree.anisationwas</p>

  asnecessaryasgoodin</p>

  trainingandequippinganarof200,000n.theywere</p>

  pladerndofgodfreyofbouillon,robert,duke</p>

  ofnorndy,robert,untofflanders,andanuerof</p>

  otheoblen,allexperieheartofwar.</p>

  intheyear1096thissendcrusadestarteduponitslong</p>

  voyage.atnstantiheknightsdidhogetothe</p>

  eeror.forasihavetoldyou,traditionsdiehard,and</p>

  aroneeror,hoillheld</p>

  irespect.thentheycrossedintoasia,killedallthe</p>

  sleedjerusalessacred</p>

  thehaedanpopulation,andrchedtotheholy</p>

  sepulidsttearsofpietyand</p>

  gratitude.butsoourksrengthehearrival</p>

  offreshtroops.theookjerusalendintu</p>

  killedthefaithfulfollohecross.</p>

  durituries,sevenothercrusadestook</p>

  place.graduallythecrusadersleaedtheteiqueofthe</p>

  trip.thelandvoyageootediousandtoodangerous.</p>

  theypreferredtocrossthealpsandgotogenoaorvenice</p>

  heytookshipfortheeast.thegeheveians</p>

  dethistransditerraneanpassengerserviceavery</p>

  profitablebusiheychargedexorbitantrates,andwhen</p>

  theoneyuldnot</p>

  paytheprice,theseitalian``profiteerskindlyallo</p>

  to``venice</p>

  toaountof</p>

  fightingfortheohisly</p>

  increasedherterritoryalooftheadriatidin</p>

  greece,eaveianlony,andinthe</p>

  islandsofcyprusaeandrhodes.</p>

  allthis,hotleilingthequestion</p>

  oftheholyland.afterthefirstenthusiasad</p>

  epartoftheliberal</p>

  educationofeveryan,andthere</p>

  neveresforservipalestine.</p>

  buttheoldzealhecrusaders,who</p>

  hadbeguntheirhdeephatredforthe</p>

  haedansaloveforthechristianpeople</p>

  oftheeasteroneireandarnia,suffered</p>

  apleteetodespisethe</p>

  greeksofbyzantiuandfrequentlybetrayed</p>

  theeniansandallthe</p>

  otherlevantineraces,andtheybegantoappreciatethevir</p>

  tuesoftheireneesobegenerousandfair</p>

  oppos.</p>

  ofurse,itosaythisopenly.butwhen</p>

  thecrusaderretued</p>

  ...</p>